2913 results
Kidney Biopsy - Diagnosis Algorithms
1) Normal Glomerulus by LM
2) Glomerular Crescents
3) Double Contours of GBM
4) Endocapillary
Glomerulus by LM 2) ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Urine Osmolar Gap Calculation

Urine Osmolar Gap represents ammonium salts = Measured Urine Osmolality - (2 x
Osmolality - (2 ... x Na + 2 x K + ... Osmolar Gap / 2 ... Osmolar Gap / 2 ... OsmolarGap #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) Diagnosis and Management
 • Distal (type 1) RTA
 • Proximal (type 2)
Proximal (type 2) ... Diagnosis #Management #nephrology
Renal Tubular Acidosis - Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Hyperkalemic Type 4 RTA
 • Hypokalemic Type 1 RTA
Proximal Type 2 ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Renal Tubular Disorders

 • Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (Type 1)
 • Proximal Renal Tubular Acidosis (Type
Acidosis (Type 2) ... pathophysiology #nephrology
Treatment of hyperkalemia via kaliuresis 
step 1 = volume resuscitation if hypovolemic
step 2 = consider fludrocortisone
step
hypovolemic step 2 ... diuretics #diuresis #nephrology
Nephron Pathophysiology - Diuretic Sites of Action
Diuretics
1) Acetazolamide/canagliflozin
2) Osmotic agents (mannitol, urearetics)
3) Loop agents (eg, furosemide)
4)
canagliflozin 2) ... Sites #Action #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Decreased Mg 2. ... Vomiting 2. ... hyperaldo 2. ... Causes #Workup #Nephrology
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Step 2: Does the ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology
Metformin Treatment in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 3A, 3B, or
Patients With Type 2 ... VisualAbstract #Nephrology