9 results
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Examination: • UMN signs ... Clonus, Babinski’s sign ... • Lhermitte’s sign ... pupillary defect SIGNS ... Signs and symptoms
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
of UMN and LMN signs ... of UMN and LMN signs ... both UMN and LMN signs ... EMG: LMN Signs in ... #neurology #diagnosis
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Causes of Secondary ... hypertension and signs ... bruit or signs ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... Neurologic disorders
Varicocele: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Primary:
 - Anatomically: the left spermatic vein drains into the left renal
spermatic vein Secondary ... : - Renal cell ... • 90% present as ... Pathophysiology #Signs ... #Symptoms #Urology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
soon as serum < ... patient has good renal ... Insulin + KCI. 3) ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... pathophysiology #endocrinology
Cushing's Syndrome - Hypercortisolism - Diagnosis and Clinical Features
1) Skin
 • Thin, easily bruisable skin with
• Acne • If secondary ... same precursor as ... ACTH levels 3) ... Hypercortisolism #Diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #endocrinology
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
DIAGNOSTICS
Paracentesis: 
 • Calculate absolute PMN count (total WBC x PMN %)
 • Correct
Distinguish from secondary ... Treat if other signs ... much benefit 3) ... only if worsening symptoms ... or renal insufficiency
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
or proteinase 3 ... aneurysms can also ... Presentation - Systemic Symptoms ... , particularly scleritis ... purpura: strong sign
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
pulmonary and renal ... , particularly scleritis ... purpura: Strong sign ... or proteinase 3 ... aneurysms can also