11 results
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Examination: • UMN signs ... Clonus, Babinski’s sign ... • Lhermitte’s sign ... pupillary defect SIGNS ... Signs and symptoms
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
of UMN and LMN signs ... fasciculations Common Symptoms ... of UMN and LMN signs ... both UMN and LMN signs ... EMG: LMN Signs in
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
or proteinase 3 ... Presentation - Systemic Symptoms ... purpura: strong sign ... are proteinase 3 ... • HBV HCV
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) Infections 

Mycobacterial species other than those belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and
mucogenicum • HIV ... patients such as ... Advanced HIV (CD4 ... Hematologic malignancy 3. ... differential #diagnosis #infectiousdiseases
Bronchiectasis - Summary

What?
• Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning
inflammation Symptoms ... Digital clubbing (2-3% ... Nasal polyps and signs ... , in advanced disease ... , CCP, ANCA • HIV
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
Presentation: Systemic Symptoms ... purpura: Strong sign ... HTN • Check: HBV ... • Progressive symptoms ... or proteinase 3
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
DIAGNOSTICS
Paracentesis: 
 • Calculate absolute PMN count (total WBC x PMN %)
 • Correct
Treat if other signs ... • First-line: IV ... only if worsening symptoms ... GI bleed: use IV ... advanced liver disease
Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
Pneumonia: • 3 ... • CT: Halo sign ... Constitutional symptoms ... #AIDS #pulmonary ... differential #diagnosis #infectiousdiseases
Tropical Endomyocardial Fibrosis (EMF)
snrunken ventnoes
Hallmark chronic EMF features include:
 • Apical obliteration of the left and/or
a 3-layered delayed ... cardiac MR (double V sign ... • Parasitic disease ... • Signs of pancarditis ... Fibrosis #EMF #cardiology
Autoimmune Myositis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Inflammatory Myopathies: Commonly symmetric proximal muscle weakness, no substantial muscle pain
papules and Gottron sign ... ) • Shawl sign ... Polymyositis or ALS ... weakness + atrophy- Hip ... esophagus upper 2/3