12 results
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Examination: • UMN signs ... Clonus, Babinski’s sign ... • Lhermitte’s sign ... pupillary defect SIGNS ... Signs and symptoms
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
More Specific Signs ... Less Specific Signs ... Chest x-ray: signs ... acute HF → no signs ... coronary artery disease
Optic Neuritis - Diagnosis and Management
 • Epidemiology: Female (75%), 18-50 years,
caucasian
 • Symptoms: Moderate visual
Diagnosis and Management ... caucasian • Symptoms ... Unilateral • Signs ... TREATMENT • IV ... other auto-immune diseases
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
or proteinase 3 ... Presentation - Systemic Symptoms ... purpura: strong sign ... are proteinase 3 ... • HBV HCV
Bronchiectasis - Summary

What?
• Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning
inflammation Symptoms ... Digital clubbing (2-3% ... Nasal polyps and signs ... , in advanced disease ... , CCP, ANCA • HIV
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
of UMN and LMN signs ... fasciculations Common Symptoms ... of UMN and LMN signs ... both UMN and LMN signs ... EMG: LMN Signs in
Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
Pneumonia: • 3 ... • CT: Halo sign ... Constitutional symptoms ... #AIDS #pulmonary ... differential #diagnosis #infectiousdiseases
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
Presentation: Systemic Symptoms ... purpura: Strong sign ... HTN • Check: HBV ... • Progressive symptoms ... or proteinase 3
Myasthenic Crisis Checklist - Myasthenia Gravis

Evaluation 
 - Chest X-ray and lung ultrasound (exclude other lung
or TSH level if symptoms ... monitoring (vital signs ... capacity: Monitor 2-3 ... high-dose magnesium, IV ... MyastheniaGravis #Checklist #Management
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
DIAGNOSTICS
Paracentesis: 
 • Calculate absolute PMN count (total WBC x PMN %)
 • Correct
Treat if other signs ... • First-line: IV ... only if worsening symptoms ... advanced liver disease ... SBP #diagnosis #management