17 results
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Approach to the ... Embolism, Obstructive ... Gradient #alveolar #arterial ... #pulmonary #Hypoxia ... #diagnosis
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
Summary A defect in arterial ... cycles after right atrial ... passage • Arterial ... blood gas (ABC) ... #management #treatment
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
- Differential Diagnosis ... to neurologic injury ... embolus SHUNT ... shunting (eg, atrial ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Portopulmonary Hypertension
Presence of pulmonary arterial hypertension in a patient with portal hypertension
No other obvious causes (chronic
arterial hypertension ... Transthoracic echocardiogram ... ventricular size, Right atrial ... pressure, Pulmonary ... pressure < 15mmHg TREATMENT
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Cerebral > Splenic, pulmonary ... Cause Injury By ... Differential Diagnosis ... ↑ Suspicion -> TEE
Bronchiectasis - Summary

What?
• Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning
bronchial wall injury ... Chronic cough • Hypoxia ... parenchyma Diagnosis ... CT) • Broncho-arterial ... mycobacteria Treatment
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH) and Pulmonary Thromboendarterectomy
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Definition: mean pulmonary-artery pressure > 25mmHg
embolism Pathophysiology ... regurgitation) Diagnosis ... • TTE with Doppler ... thromboembolic material ... Bypass Other Treatment
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
- Differential Diagnosis ... Traumatic brain injury ... evidence of left atrial ... spiral arteries ... dyspnea, tachypnea, hypoxemia
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
liver or renal injury ... perfusion - shock->treatments ... before beginning treatment ... output - Acute pulmonary ... ’s • Reduced Arterial
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
and Differential Diagnosis ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Cerebral > Splenic, Pulmonary ... cause injury by ... hematuria, + RF Treatment