81 results
Complications of CKD
 - Patients with stages 1-3 ([GFR] >30 mL/min) of CKD are generally asymptomatic;
Complications of CKD ... derangements are not clinically ... disturbances manifest clinically ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #CKD
Diabetes – diabetic nephropathy
Majority of the literature in the area is applied to the diabetic nephropathy
be the primary cause ... - Cytokines #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #CKD
NSAID vs ACEI/ARB effects on the Kidneys

Remember that NSAIDs and ACEI/ARB therapy have opposing effects on
NSAIDs cause vasoconstriction ... use shouldn't cause ... patients have CKD ... ACEIARB #Effects #Nephrology ... #Renal #Pathophysiology
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion Reactions
TRALI:
 • Epidemiology: 0.1% of transfused patientsl
 • Risk factors: Critical
Risk factors: Critical ... without other cause ... : 33% • Treatment ... factors: Age>60, CKD ... : No • Treatment
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
osmolarity If cause ... investigations depending on clinical ... Rhabdo-myolysis: CK ... syndrome: troponin, CK-MB ... #causes
Generalized Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework
"l feel weak":
 • Infectious: Influenza, EBV, PNA, Bacteremia, Sepsis
 •
Sepsis • Kidneys: CKD ... Rhabdomyolysis, Critical ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes ... #neurology
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... functional ID) Treatment ... endpoint of all-cause ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Bell's Palsy
Bell’s Palsy is a damage, acute weakness, or paralysis of the Facial nerve (7th CN),
an identifiable cause ... The cause is unknown ... but its clinically ... #Bells #Palsy #neurology ... #anatomy #pathophysiology
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
Secondary Causes ... based on repeat clinic ... syndrome • AKI/CKD ... RAS Metabolic Causes ... HTN #Secondary #Nephrology
Tree in Bud Sign
The Tree-in-Bud sign represents Endobronchial spread in a linear branching pattern and centrilobular
It is caused by ... actually seen in all causes ... Sign #diagnosis #clinical ... #radiology #ChestCT ... #pathophysiology