13 results
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
obesity-hypoventilation syndrome ... : Interstitial lung ... direction leads to hypoxemia ... hepatopulmonary syndrome ... #Failure #hypoxia
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Hypoventilation: CNS of Respiratory ... Hypoventilation Syndrome ... Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... , Interstitial Lung ... #Hypoxia #hypoxemia
Pulmonary Pathology and Associated Lung Ultrasound Findings
Pneumothorax:
 - No lung sliding/barcode sign
 - Lung point (hard
Pulmonary Pathology ... severity Acute Respiratory ... Distress Syndrome ... Embolism (PE): ... massive/submassive PE
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome – ARDS: Clinical Cheat Sheet

An acute diffuse, inflammatory lung injury, leading to
Acute Respiratory ... Distress Syndrome ... leading to increased pulmonary ... congestion with hypoxemia ... consistent with pulmonary
Abnormalities in Rate and Rhythm of Breathing 
Normal 
The respiratory rate is about 14—20 per min
including restrictive lung ... consider infarction, hypoxia ... hyperventilation syndrome—a ... Breathing #Patterns #Pulmonary ... Abnormalities #Abnormal
Amiodarone Induced Lung Toxicity Summary

Who?
• 5% of patients
• Dose ≥ 400 mg per day

How?  Possible
Dose ≥ 400 mg per ... toxicity (e.g., acute respiratory ... distress syndrome ... Eosinophilia • Normal ... #diagnosis #management
Ventilator Troubleshooting Summary
High PIP, nl Pplat:
 - DDx: Tubing problem, Bronchospasm, Secretions
 - Next Steps: Check
DDx: Obstructive lung ... , Insufficient expiratory ... Bronchodilators/Steroids Hypoxemia ... Troubleshooting #diagnosis #management ... #pulmonary #mechanical
ExtraCorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) Fundamentals
Definitions:
 • ExtraCorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) provides prolonged pulmonary and/or circulatory support
provides prolonged pulmonary ... VV: Refractory hypoxemia ... /mixed respiratorv ... overdose, massive PE ... Oxygenation #diagnosis #management
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework

NCPE Pathophysiology:
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema occurs because of excessive pulmonary capillary
BNP level <100 pg ... ECHO: • Normal ... Etiology: • Acute respiratory ... distress syndrome ... Transfusion-related acute lung
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... , pain, fever, hypoxia ... Classically” noted with pulmonary ... with associated hypoxia ... or restrictive lung