11 results
Right-Sided Heart Failure - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiac Causes - Rule out Left-Sided Heart Failure (Most Common):
• Diffuse Lung ... Disease • Acute ... Respiratory Distress ... • Chronic Lung ... Arterial Hypertension
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
blood cells in the lung ... of acute respiratory ... of the spiral arteries ... pulmonary edema ... #edema #causes
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Hypoventilation: CNS of Respiratory ... Wall Elasticity (flail ... Edema, Atelectasis ... , Obstructive Lung ... Gradient #alveolar #arterial
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome – ARDS: Clinical Cheat Sheet

An acute diffuse, inflammatory lung injury, leading to
Acute Respiratory ... leading to increased pulmonary ... edema must be present ... <300mmHg with a ... Syndrome #ARDS #Summary
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework

NCPE Pathophysiology:
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema occurs because of excessive pulmonary capillary
Causes include: ... Physical/Labs: • A ... lack of acute cardiac ... respiratory distress ... lung injury (TRALI
Pulmonary Pathology and Associated Lung Ultrasound Findings
Pneumothorax:
 - No lung sliding/barcode sign
 - Lung point (hard
- Bilateral A-lines ... pleura in severe cases ... Edema: - Widespread ... the severity Acute ... Respiratory Distress
Berlin Criteria for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) 
- Respiratory symptoms must have begun within one
Berlin Criteria for Acute ... consistent with pulmonary ... edema must be present ... lobar collapse, lung ... by the ratio of arterial
Hypophosphatemia and Hypoxia - Pathophysiology

↓ Phosphate leads to ↓ red cell 2,3-DPG and a  reduction
shifts the oxygen dissociation ... diaphragm during acute ... cause of refractory ... derivatives etc) In summary ... pathophysiology #pulmonary
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acute or chronic ... M Methanol A ... Classically” noted with pulmonary ... or restrictive lung ... Interpretation #Diagnosis #Summary
Bronchiectasis - Summary

What?
• Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning
Bronchiectasis - Summary ... Chronic inflammation causes ... Most Common Causes ... CT) • Broncho-arterial ... Immunoglobulins (Ig M, A,