11 results
Atrial Fibrillation - Diagnosis, Causes, Presentations
Causes (PIRATES):
 - Pulmonary embolism 
 - Ischemia (cardiac) 
 -
Atrial Fibrillation ... Pulmonary embolism ... - Repiratory disease ... myxoma - Thyroid disease ... AFib #Diagnosis
PIRATES Mnemonic for the Causes of Atrial Fibrillation

P - Pulmonary Disease, PE
I - Ischemic, Idiopathic
R -
for the Causes ... of Atrial Fibrillation ... Disease, PE I ... Rheumatic Valvular Disease ... Anemia T - Thyroid Disease
Causes of Chronic Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pericardial
 • Effusion
 • Cardiac Tamponade*
 • Constriction
Myocardial
 •
• Sub-Valvular Disease ... Coronary Artery Disease ... Arrhythmia • Atrial ... Fibrillation ... Interstitium • ILD • CHF
Atrial Fibrillation Overview

Symptoms:
Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

1. Why?
Cardiac:
• Valvular heart disease
•
Atrial Fibrillation ... Valvular heart disease ... Structural heart disease ... Noncardiac: • Pulmonary ... disease • Drugs
Treatment of Stable Narrow-Complex Tachycardia
Regular Rhythm:
 • Attempt vagal maneuvers
 • Give adenosine 6 milligrams IV
disease or CHF) ... Treat underlying cause ... fibrillation or ... disease or CHF) ... management #cardiology #algorithm
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) Summary

Symptoms:
• Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

Why?
Cardiac:
	• Valvular heart
Atrial Fibrillation ... Valvular heart disease ... Structural heart disease ... disease • Drugs ... valvular heart disease
Diagnostic algorithm for a child or adolescent with suspected pulmonary hypertension. CHD, congenital heart disease; CPET,
CHD, congenital ... heart disease; CPET ... veno-occlusive disease ... , chronic lung disease ... Diagnosis #Peds #Pediatrics
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
treat underlying cause ... (CHF, cirrhosis ... Pulmonary Diseases ... , CNS Disease, Meds ... (Opiates, SSRIs
Right-Sided Heart Failure - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiac Causes - Rule out Left-Sided Heart Failure (Most Common):
Disease • ... Diffuse Lung Disease ... Arterial Hypertension ... Veno-Occlusive Disease ... #RHF #RightSided
Palpitations - Differential Diagnosis Framework

What?
• It is an unpleasant awareness or sensation that the heart is
Congenital heart disease ... Congenital heart diseases ... disease • Vasovagal ... acquired heart disease ... Structural heart disease