38 results
NSAID vs ACEI/ARB effects on the Kidneys

Remember that NSAIDs and ACEI/ARB therapy have opposing effects on
NSAIDs cause vasoconstriction ... of the afferent ... use shouldn't cause ... ACEIARB #Effects #Nephrology ... #Renal #Pathophysiology
Bell's palsy
There are many different causes of Facial Nerve Palsy. However, the commonest
cause of unilateral facial
There are many different ... causes of Facial ... the commonest cause ... #Bells #Palsy #Neurology ... #Signs #Symptoms
Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect

This maneuver of intermittent light stimulus is called the alternating light test or
Relative Afferent ... It is a clear sign ... regarding the cause ... of the afferent ... Pupillary #Defect #Neurology
Hoffman's sign. Even in this specific case, accompanied by a clonus outline (rhythmic contractions). The median
Hoffman's sign. ... this specific case ... acts both as an afferent ... #Hoffmanns #Sign ... clinical #video #neurology
Bell's Phenomenon on Physical Exam

Carles Bell realized that when trying to close the eye on the
Physical Exam Carles ... Bells #Phenomenon #Sign ... #PhysicalExam #ophthalmology ... #neurology
Orbital Cellulitis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Definitions:
a. Chemosis: Edema of the bulbar conjunctiva
b. Panopthalmitis: inflammation of all
Impinges on nerves -> Afferent ... Orbital #Cellulitis #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
• Lhermitte’s sign ... ophthalmoplegia • Afferent ... Multiple Sclerosis Treatment ... diagnosis #management #neurology ... #treatment #MS
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... BRB breakdown causes ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... high WBC count cause ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... organ damage • Treatment ... Lysis Syndrome: • Pathophysiology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Diagnosis Algorithm Cause ... intoxication Cause ... - Gitelman SIGNS ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride