390 results
Hypercortisolism (Cushing syndrome) - Simplified Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Exogenous (ACTH-independent)
Endogenous
 • ACTH-dependent:
    - ACTH-secreting
Endogenous • ACTH-dependent ... : - ACTH-secreting ... Disease) - ACTH-secreting ... in the body • ACTH-independent ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology
Adrenal Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical suspicion: Weakness, fatigue, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, dizziness, volume depletion, abdominal pain,
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH ... Baseline plasma ACTH ... High baseline ACTH ... normal baseline ACTH ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology
Diagnosis Adrenal Insufficiency - Algorithm

Step 1) Screening Test: 6-8AM Cortisol Level
 - Early morning cortisol levels
to a bolus of ACTH ... - Check ACTH ... looking at the ACTH ... - Low ACTH is ... #Stimulation #Endocrinology
Causes of Adrenal Insufficiency - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ACTH-Dependent (Secondary):
 • Pituitary Dysfunction
 • Hypothalamic Dysfunction
ACTH-Independent (Primary):
Diagnosis Algorithm ACTH-Dependent ... Hypothalamic Dysfunction ACTH-Independent ... Algorithm #Causes #endocrinology
Adrenal Insufficiency Diagnosis Algorithm - Evaluation of HPA Axis Response to ACTH

Early am cortisol < 3
Axis Response to ACTH ... secondary AI Measure ACTH ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #ACTH ... Stimulation #Test #Endocrinology
Primary vs Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency - Pathophysiology
Primary AI = adrenal glands themselves are the problem. This
be low, while ACTH ... Low ACTH leads to ... Pathophysiology #endocrinology
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
 • ACTH stimulation test - Synthetic ACTH does not stimulate cortisol secretion because
Insufficiency: • ACTH ... test - Synthetic ACTH ... by endogenous ACTH ... Low • Plasma ACTH ... diagnosis #testing #endocrinology
Adrenal Insufficiency - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
 • Autoimmune primary adrenal insufficiency
 • Adrenoleukodystrophy,
apoplexy • Isolated ACTH-deficiency ... Workup #Algorithm #endocrinology
Benign Adrenal Mass - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hyperplasia - Often Bilateral
 • Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
 • ACTH
Hyperplasia • ACTH ... Dependent • ACTH ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Adrenal Insufficiency Diagnosis Algorithm
Test 1: Baseline AM Cortisol 
 - Beware of major normal value
 -
pregnancy) Test 2: ACTH ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology