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Causes of Syncope and Transient Loss of Consciousness

#Syncope #Differential #LOC #Causes #Diagnosis
#Differential #LOC
Loss of Consciousness in Syncope - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Syncopal causes:
• Orthostatic syncope
• Reflex syncope
• Cardiac arrhythmia
•
Consciousness #Syncope #LOC
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

Symptoms are non-specific:
 - Headache 90%
 - Nausea/vomiting 50%
 - Vertigo 50%
 - Altered
50% - Altered LOC
Causes of Approach to Altered Level of Consciousness - Workup
Clinical Exam - Focal
 • Trauma
 •
Encephalitis #Altered #ALOC
Causes of Altered Level of Consciousness GCS < 7 - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Brain Involvement - Hemispheric
Altered #comatose #aloc
Causes of Hypotonic Infant (Floppy Newborn) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Central Nervous System - Decreased LOC, Axial
System - Decreased LOC
National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)
Total Score 0-42
1a. Level of consciousness
1b. LOC questions
1c. LOC commands
2.
LOC questions 1c ... LOC commands 2.
Childhood Immunization Schedule: Why we immunize
 • Diphtheria Toxin -> URT inflammation causes pseudomembrane with hardened
neck, altered LOC ... stiffness, altered LOC
Radiation Injury
Acute Radiation Toxicity primarily affects rapidly dividing cells based on dosage
Hematopoiteic - Pancytopenia, Infection
 •
lymphocyte count = ALC ... at 48 hours • ALC ... prognosis • ALC
Hypoxemia vs Hypoxia
Hypoxemia - Partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) is below normal
Hypoxia - Insufficient oxygen
compensate for low ... impaired Jane Lock