12 results
Negative contrast effect = a washout of the contrast (agitated saline) in the right atrium in
Negative contrast ... patient with an ASD ... #washout #ASD # ... defect #a4c #Echocardiogram ... #clinical #cardiology
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
Negative Contrast ... 1. ... Small secundum ASD ... #cardiology #clinical ... echocardiogram #s4c
Wellens' Sign: LAD-T Wave Inversion 
Life threatening T wave inversions in precordial leads. Often V2-V3 
Specific
Specific for critical ... High rate in <1 ... without chest pain, as ... Serial EKGS in pts ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Cannon A waves during AVNRT on Physical Exam
In AVNRT, the atria and ventricles contract nearly simultaneously
In AVNRT, the atria ... EKG of the same ... are enough to diagnose ... “clinical electrophysiology ... PhysicalExam #JVP #Cardiology
Differentiating NBTE from Infective Endocarditis
No pathognomonic signs/symptoms or echo features that are specific to NBTE, and
pathognomonic signs ... diagnosis can only ... cultures/serology: Serial ... negative blood ... often small (<1
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... • Coagulase-negative ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD ... ↑ ESR, CRP • EKG ... #cardiology
Double Shunt on Echocardiogram
What do you see on this saline contrast study, in a patient with
>LAP as atrial septum ... stretched PFO or ASD ... Echocardiogram #clinical ... #pocus #a4c #intrapulmonary ... #cardiology #saline
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... aureus, Coagulase-negative ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD ... ↑ ESR, CRP • EKG ... #cardiology #infectiousdiseases
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
indicated • EKG ... Obtain EKG if: ... Change in clinical ... one post op Cardiology ... stratification #diagnosis
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
typically fall into 1 ... Signs of congestion ... ECG is vital while ... have achieved negative ... algorithm #management #cardiology