21 results
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) with Shunting on Echocardiogram with Contrast (a4c)

An elderly patient with dyspnea -
Atrial Septal Defect ... (ASD) with Shunting ... with dyspnea - ASD ... Ivan_Echocardio #Atrial ... #Contrast #a4c
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
Causes of Hypoxemia ... Arterial Hypertension ... ** • Atrial Septal ... Defect Pulmonary ... #Hypoxia #Differential
ASD on Bubble Contrast Echocardiogram (a4c)
A patient with an anterior STEMI (take a look at the
ASD on Bubble Contrast ... Echocardiogram (a4c ... previously undiagnosed ASD ... Ivan_Echocardio #atrial ... #ASD #Bubble #Contrast
Negative contrast effect = a washout of the contrast (agitated saline) in the right atrium in
Negative contrast ... ) in the right atrium ... patient with an ASD ... #ASD #atrial #septal ... #defect #a4c #Echocardiogram
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia ... oxygen dissolved in arterial ... hemoglobin in arterial ... oxygen content of arterial ... #pulmonary #differential
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
in arterial oxygenation ... lung disease Caused ... cycles after right atrial ... passage • Arterial ... blood gas (ABC)
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
Respiratory Failure - Differential ... reversible diffusion defects ... shunting (eg, atrial ... ventricular septal defects ... #Differential #
Causes of Pulmonary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
 • Idiopathic
 • Associated with:
Causes of Pulmonary ... Hypertension - Differential ... Arterial Hypertension ... Lung Disease and ... /or Hypoxemia:
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
Stroke Volume / Arterial ... less compliant arteries ... of developing atrial ... mmHg developed atrial ... • Infective Endocarditis
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
ARDS, Pneumonia and ... • Diffusion Defect ... Gradient #alveolar #arterial ... #pulmonary #Hypoxia ... #hypoxemia #differential