16 results
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) with Shunting on Echocardiogram with Contrast (a4c)

An elderly patient with dyspnea -
Atrial Septal Defect ... (ASD) with Shunting ... with dyspnea - ASD ... #ASD #Echocardiogram ... #Contrast #a4c
ASD on Bubble Contrast Echocardiogram (a4c)
A patient with an anterior STEMI (take a look at the
ASD on Bubble Contrast ... Echocardiogram (a4c ... previously undiagnosed ASD ... Ivan_Echocardio #atrial ... #ASD #Bubble #Contrast
Negative contrast effect = a washout of the contrast (agitated saline) in the right atrium in
Negative contrast ... ) in the right atrium ... patient with an ASD ... #ASD #atrial #septal ... #defect #a4c #Echocardiogram
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia ... inspired) PAO2 - alveolar ... O2 reaches the alveoli ... hemoglobin in arterial ... #pulmonary #differential
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
Respiratory Failure - Differential ... reversible diffusion defects ... shunting (eg, atrial ... ventricular septal defects ... #Differential #
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
• Diffusion Defect ... #AA #Gradient #alveolar ... #arterial #pulmonary ... #Hypoxia #hypoxemia ... #differential #
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
upright position • Hypoxemia ... , 88% spec • Contrast-enhanced ... blood gas (ABC) ... Quantifies degree of hypoxemia ... cirrhosis • Intra-pulmonary
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
Negative Contrast ... Atrium - Differential ... Small secundum ASD ... #Atrium #RA #Differential ... echocardiogram #s4c
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
Etiology: • Direct ... non-culprit vessels • Atrial ... prosthetic valve, PFO, ASD ... cardiac surgery, endocarditis ... Embolism #diagnosis #differential
The pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. 1 – In an initiating phase, there is lung alveolar
of idiopathic pulmonary ... there is lung alveolar ... bind the Arg-Gly-Asp ... conditions, fibroblasts differentiate ... AEC = alveolar epithelial