12 results
Mitral Stenosis and Left Atrial Thrombus on Echocardiogram (a4c)

Mitral stenosis is a risk factor for LA
Mitral Stenosis ... and Left Atrial ... (a4c) Mitral ... of underlying cardiac ... #Stenosis #Atrial
Rheumatic Heart Disease - Mitral Stenosis on Echocardiogram
(1) Thickened and fibrosed MV leaflets - rheumatic etiology
Stenosis on Echocardiogram ... (4) All 4 cardiac ... chambers dilated ... (7) patient in atrial ... #Stenosis #Echocardiogram
Causes of Ischemic Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Important to determine and treat the etiology behind because
Ischemic Stroke - Differential ... * • Valvular: Mitral ... stenosis, Prosthetic ... valve • Endocarditis ... • Dilated cardiomyopathy
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
Causes of mitral ... calcification - Age-related ... disease Infective endocarditis ... vegetations)/tumor (left atrial ... #diagnosis #differential
Giant dilated left atrium on Echocardiogram (a4c)
It belongs to a 92-year old lady with a history
Giant dilated left ... atrium on Echocardiogram ... Mitral valve doesn ... ASD with R/L shunting ... a4c #Echocardiogram
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
Minor: • < 25% stenosis ... non-culprit vessels • Atrial ... prosthetic valve, PFO, ASD ... surgery, endocarditis ... Embolism #diagnosis #differential
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
stenosis - Infective ... /marantic endocarditis ... plane into left atrium ... Nonischemic MR: Dilated ... Primary #Functional #Differential
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
mitral regurgitation ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... : • New cardiac ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
tracheal (subglottic stenosis ... nose deformity • Cardiac ... (UPC) ratio • Cardiac ... o infection • Echocardiogram ... blood retum in serial
Double Shunt on Echocardiogram
What do you see on this saline contrast study, in a patient with
>LAP as atrial septum ... In addition to dilated ... stretched PFO or ASD ... PVeins (extra-cardiac ... clinical #pocus #a4c