12 results
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
Causes of Mitral ... • Prosthetic valve ... annulus valve: ... Regurgitation #differential ... diagnosis #cardiology #causes
Bradycardia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

BRADI Mnemonic
 • BRASH/Hyperkalemia
 • Reduced oxygen/Glucose/Temp
 • ACS
 • Drugs
 •
Bradycardia - Differential ... Endocarditis + ... • Post cardiac/Valve ... #differential # ... diagnosis #causes
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
Causes of mitral ... dysplastic MV leaflets Secondary ... disease Infective endocarditis ... atrial myxoma)/ball valve ... #diagnosis #differential
Fever Patterns - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Continuous Fever:
Temp > 38°C with only 1 degree fluctuation in 24
Differential Diagnosis ... Acute bacterial endocarditis ... Non-Infectious Causes ... with Relative Bradycardia ... #Patterns #Differential
Causes of Antibiotic Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Diagnosis:
 • Non-Infectious: Malignant, Autoimmune, Drug-related (NMS, serotonin syndrome,
Causes of Antibiotic ... Failure - Differential ... Atypical bacteria: Viral ... lines, osteo, endocarditis ... SJS, DIHS, drug fever
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Involves aortic and mitral ... night sweats, fever ... Septic Emboli Cause ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... • IV Antibiotics
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Regurgitation (MR) Causes ... disease: Most common cause ... Infective/marantic endocarditis ... valve - Secondary ... #Functional #Differential
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
and Differential ... involves aortic and mitral ... night sweats, fever ... Treatment • IV antibiotics ... #Endocarditis #Differential
Purpura - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Non-blanchable, dark red to purple, hemorrhagic skin lesions that result from leakage
Purpura - Differential ... leakage of RBC's secondary ... CTD (SLE) - Viral ... mountain spotted fever ... • Bacterial endocarditis
Palpitations - Differential Diagnosis Framework

What?
• It is an unpleasant awareness or sensation that the heart is
Palpitations - Differential ... heart failure • Mitral ... valve prolapse ... stenosis) • Severe mitral ... Electrolyte imbalance • Fever