9 results
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
Diagnosis 1. ... to right shunt 2. ... #Diagnosis #cardiology ... #clinical #echocardiogram ... #s4c #pocus #bubble
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
(Type 1) or anatomic ... shunt (Type 2) ... Clinical Presentation ... left heart 3-6 cardiac ... cycles after right atrial
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
Etiology: • Direct ... Angiography or Cardiac ... prosthetic valve, PFO, ASD ... , h/o of cardiac ... Artery #Embolism #diagnosis
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) Summary

Symptoms:
• Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

Why?
Cardiac:
	• Valvular heart
Cardiac: • Valvular ... Decompensated HF ... Cardioversion 1. ... cardioversion 2. ... Fibrillation #AFib #diagnosis
Double Shunt on Echocardiogram
What do you see on this saline contrast study, in a patient with
1. ... Early transit of bubbles ... as RAP>LAP as atrial ... PVeins (extra-cardiac ... Echocardiogram #clinical
Rheumatic Heart Disease - Mitral Stenosis on Echocardiogram
(1) Thickened and fibrosed MV leaflets - rheumatic etiology
Echocardiogram (1) ... (2) Lvef 25-30% ... (4) All 4 cardiac ... spontaneous echo contrast ... (7) patient in atrial
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
Fraction (HFrEF) Clinical ... ankle swelling. 2. ... → no signs of CXR ... congestion. 2. ... Consider cardiac
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
exam Determine Cardiac ... disease b) CHF ... Change in clinical ... postoperative cardiac ... stratification #diagnosis
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy - Summary
1. Definition
 • Towards the end of pregnancy to 5 months postpartum
Cardiomyopathy - Summary 1. ... other causes* 2. ... May have typical HF ... and timing with Cardio-OB ... months before 1°