11 results
Negative contrast effect = a washout of the contrast (agitated saline) in the right atrium in
Negative contrast ... patient with an ASD ... #contrast #effect ... #washout #ASD # ... defect #a4c #Echocardiogram
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
Negative Contrast ... Small secundum ASD ... to right shunt 2. ... #Contrast #Effect ... echocardiogram #s4c
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
anatomic shunt (Type 2) ... appear in left heart ... 3-6 cardiac cycles ... after right atrial ... blood gas (ABC)
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
Etiology: • Direct ... Venous System/Right Heart ... non-culprit vessels • Atrial ... prosthetic valve, PFO, ASD ... , h/o of cardiac
Radiation Dose to Adults from Common Imaging Examinations
ABDOMINAL REGION
 - Computed Tomography (CT) — Abdomen and
without contrast ... 0.005 mSv 1 day HEART ... mSv 4 years - Cardiac ... #PatientInfo #Radiology ... Imaging #ChestXRay #CXR
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Prosthetic valve • Congenital ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... • Coagulase-negative ... : • New cardiac ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD
Double Shunt on Echocardiogram
What do you see on this saline contrast study, in a patient with
bubbles = PFO 2. ... >LAP as atrial septum ... stretched PFO or ASD ... PVeins (extra-cardiac ... clinical #pocus #a4c
Rheumatic Heart Disease - Mitral Stenosis on Echocardiogram
(1) Thickened and fibrosed MV leaflets - rheumatic etiology
Rheumatic Heart ... (2) Lvef 25-30% ... (4) All 4 cardiac ... (7) patient in atrial ... #a4c #thrombus
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
Prosthetic valve • Congenital ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... aureus, Coagulase-negative ... staphylococci Culture Negative ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
exam Determine Cardiac ... one post op Cardiology ... postoperative cardiac ... CARP, DECREASE V trials ... management for select