10 results
How do you work up an ischemic CVA?
A) Initial Evaluation
 • ABCs
 • IV access, monitor
How do you work ... up an ischemic CVA ... suspicion) • +/- bubble ... stroke #workup #diagnosis ... #checklist #neurology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
in the distal tubule ... → Hypokalemia Metabolic ... Contraction → ↑ Renin ↑ Ca ... Pathophysiology #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... in the proximal tubule ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Imaging Patterns of Toxic and Metabolic Brain Disorders

Thalami, Mammillary Bodies and Tectum: Wernicke Encephalopathy
Dentate Nuclei: Metronidazole,
Patterns of Toxic and Metabolic ... Globi Pallidi T2 Low ... Brain #Disorders #Clinical ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Radiology #Neurology
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Phosphatase Of Clinical ... proximal convoluted tubule ... Most cases diagnosed ... respiratory failure • Neurologic ... Nephrolithiasis • Metabolic
Citrate Anticoagulation Toxicity

Hypernatremia (HyperNa):
 - Citrate solutions may have ↑ sodium content and should be paired
Anticoagulation Toxicity Hypernatremia ... dysfunction or low ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Toxicity #toxicology #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
brain PRES Clinical ... may precede the neurologic ... narrowing on MRA/CTA ... Drug toxicity, Metabolic ... #management #neurology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
- Differential Diagnosis ... Heat stroke - Metabolic ... Dermatomyositis Clinical ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... causes #treatment #nephrology
One and a Half Syndrome on Physical Exam

This 28 year old patient presented to clinic with
patient presented to clinic ... Entering VA was ... An APD was noted ... the hospital, diagnosed ... ophthalmology #neurology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
distal convoluted tubule ... (DCT) Clinical ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... Gitelman #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management