8 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
• Normal/low blood ... in the proximal tubule ... of sodium and potassium ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #nephrology #low
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
: Differential Diagnosis ... other • Severe potassium ... Milk (calcium) alkali ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes #nephrology
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
proximal convoluted tubule ... Most cases diagnosed ... deficiency • blood ... respiratory failure • Neurologic ... Nephrolithiasis • Metabolic
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
• 1ml blood/liter ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... Hematuria: • Stone ... #nephrology #renal ... #urine #blood
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Heat injury, Heat stroke ... - Metabolic myopathies ... Cast formation: ... Monitor potassium ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
arbitrarily defined as urine ... content [85].2>5 red blood ... cell/white cell casts ... nervous system (stroke ... nephrotic #syndrome #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
distal convoluted tubule ... Normal or low blood ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... Gitelman #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management