11 results
How do you work up an ischemic CVA?
A) Initial Evaluation
 • ABCs
 • IV access, monitor
• TTE +/- TEE (high ... suspicion) • +/- bubble ... #CVA #stroke #workup ... #diagnosis #checklist ... #neurology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
high in kidney ... in the proximal tubule ... of sodium and potassium ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... urinary losses: • High ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #nephrology #low
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... : Differential Diagnosis ... other • Severe potassium ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... phlebotomy High ... burns, trauma - Ischemic ... infusions) - Metabolic ... #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... phlebotomy High ... burns, trauma - Ischemic ... infusions) - Metabolic ... #high #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Heat injury, Heat stroke ... - Metabolic myopathies ... perfusion → renal ischemia ... Monitor potassium ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
arbitrarily defined as urine ... red blood cells/high-power ... nervous system (stroke ... , extremities (ischemia ... nephrotic #syndrome #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
distal convoluted tubule ... Hypochloremic metabolic ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... Gitelman #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management
One and a Half Syndrome on Physical Exam

This 28 year old patient presented to clinic with
Entering VA was ... this are tumors, strokes ... There was also high ... the hospital, diagnosed ... ophthalmology #neurology