14 results
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... Pathophysiology ... prevalence of 1- ... in the distal tubule ... #Pathophysiology
Muehrcke's Lines (Leukonychia striata)
Narrow while transverse lines (Not depressed, compared to Beau's lines). Usually 2 or
depressed, compared to Beau's ... and nephrotic syndrome ... #Fingernails #PhysicalExam ... Clinical #Photo #Sign
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
Onset Alzheimer's (1% ... - Presenilin 1 ... mutations - Down syndrome ... chromosome 21) Signs ... AlzheimersDisease #Dementia #pathophysiology
Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVC's) - Summary Framework

Why PVCs?  Can be the first manifestation of cardiac
Inherited arrhythmia syndromes ... (e.g., long QT syndrome ... Hypokalemia • Bundle ... classified as: • Low: <1 ... Intermediate burden: >1
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
share the same pathophysiology ... hemianopsia IGF-1 ... Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ... Overproduction #diagnosis #signs ... endocrinology #pathophysiology
Transverse lines of the fingernails. (A) Beau’s lines (arrows) of the thumbnail. (B) Mees’ lines (arrowheads)
(A) Beau’s lines ... toxin or drug.1, ... 2 Beau’s lines ... are a typical sign ... Ridges #Clinical #PhysicalExam
Peripheral Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework for Lower Extremity Edema

Edema occurs when any of the following
conditions exist: (1) ... type 1 (reflex ... • SVC syndrome ... Lower #Extremity #PhysicalExam ... #Pathophysiology
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... Specific sarcoidosis syndromes ... symptoms) • Löfgren syndrome ... • Heerfordt syndrome ... Diagnosis #Management #Signs
Newborn Infant - Routine Examination

Birthweight, gestational age and birthweight percentile are noted.
General observation Of the baby's
is also a late sign ... rate is 110-160 beats ... may drop to 85 beats ... normally extends 1— ... Newborn #Infant #PhysicalExam
Nail Pathologies - Findings in or Near Nails

Paronychia 

A superficial infection of the proximal and lateral
approximately 1 ... seen in Reiter's syndrome ... Diagnosis #Clinical #Signs ... #PhysicalExam # ... Atlas #Beaus #Mees