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diagnosis nephrology differential algorithm metabolic hypokalemia chloride defects fanconi hypochloremia liddle localization low management nephron potassium rheumatology urinary urine vasculitis
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
Bartter Syndrome ... loop of Henle Gitelman ... #Fanconi #Bartter ... Nephron #Defects #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... Pathophysiology ... Gitelman Syndrome ... Hypokalemia Metabolic alkalosis ... #Syndrome #Pathophysiology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... Cl-: Diuretics, Bartter ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... actively working • Bartter ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... distal convoluted tubule ... • Bartter syndrome ... • Pseudo Bartter-Gitelman ... #pathophysiology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Cause - Decreased Intake: • Low salt in diet • Exclusive D5W
- Metabolic alkalosis ... - Diuresis - Bartter ... - Gitelman ... SIGNS: • Muscle ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
diuretic use, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... syndrome, Hypomagnesemia ... in the proximal tubule ... the indicated causes
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... Emesis, Diuretics, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... Cl-: Diuretics, Bartter ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis ... Osmotic diuresis, Bartter's ... diuretic use), Gitelman's ... #Hypokalemia #Causes
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