6 results
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects
Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule
Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle
Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
Bartter Syndrome ... loop of Henle Gitelman ... #Fanconi #Bartter ... Nephron #Defects #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... • Bartter syndrome ... • Pseudo Bartter-Gitelman ... #pathophysiology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... Mg2+ deficiency, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... #urine #potassium ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... Emesis, Diuretics, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... #nephrology #low
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
volume contracted: urine ... actively working • Bartter ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... other • Severe potassium ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
diuretic use, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... syndrome, Hypomagnesemia ... in the proximal tubule ... of sodium and potassium