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diagnosis nephrology differential algorithm alkalosis chloride management encephalopathy hypertension hypochloremia hypokalemia indications physicalexam posterior pres reversible secondary urinary urine workup
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... Pathophysiology ... Gitelman Syndrome ... → Hypokalemia Metabolic ... #Syndrome #Pathophysiology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... postchronic hypercapnia (acute ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Cause - Decreased Intake: • Low salt in diet • Exclusive D5W
- Bartter - Gitelman ... SIGNS: • Muscle ... metabolic acidosis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... in the proximal tubule ... the indicated causes ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... distal convoluted tubule ... Hypochloremic metabolic ... #nephrology #management ... #pathophysiology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis Approach (when evaluation should be done): 1. Severe or
hypertension and signs ... heart failure, neurologic ... hypokalemia and metabolic ... renal bruit or signs ... Neurologic disorders
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by: • Headache • Seizures • Altered mental
may precede the neurologic ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... Drug toxicity, Metabolic ... , ADEM, Acute toxic ... the underlying cause
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient Definition: • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
• Locked-in syndrome ... • Mutism Pathophysiology ... • Examine for signs ... Casey Albin MD @ ... #PhysicalExam #neurology
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