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diagnosis nephrology algorithm alkalosis causes chloride management encephalopathy hypertension hypochloremia hypokalemia indications physicalexam posterior pres reversible secondary urinary urine weakness
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... Pathophysiology ... Gitelman Syndrome ... → Hypokalemia Metabolic ... #Syndrome #Pathophysiology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
Alkalosis: Differential ... postchronic hypercapnia (acute ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... #Alkalosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... distal convoluted tubule ... Hypochloremic metabolic ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... #pathophysiology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... in the proximal tubule ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Cause - Decreased Intake: • Low salt in diet • Exclusive D5W
Hypochloremia - Differential ... - Bartter - Gitelman ... SIGNS: • Muscle ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework Approach To Weakness: • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc) • CNS ->
Weakness - Differential ... Impairment: • Acute ... Radiation • Metabolic ... Lack of UMN/LMN signs ... #Diagnosis #neurology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis Approach (when evaluation should be done): 1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup and Differential ... hypertension and signs ... hypokalemia and metabolic ... renal bruit or signs ... Neurologic disorders
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient Definition: • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
consciousness Differential ... • Locked-in syndrome ... • Mutism Pathophysiology ... • Examine for signs ... #PhysicalExam #neurology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by: • Headache • Seizures • Altered mental
may precede the neurologic ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... Reversible course Differential ... Drug toxicity, Metabolic ... , ADEM, Acute toxic
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