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diagnosis nephrology differential causes management alkalosis bartter cardiology defects ecg ekg electrocardiogram elevation fanconi hematology hypertension indications injury leukostasis liddle
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
: Proximal tubule ... loop of Henle Gitelman ... Fanconi #Bartter #Gitelman ... Nephron #Defects #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... Pathophysiology ... Gitelman Syndrome ... H+ secretion → Hypokalemia ... #Syndrome #Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... cotransporter • Gitelman's ... distal convoluted tubule ... #nephrology #management ... #pathophysiology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
diuresis, Bartter's syndrome ... diuretic use), Gitelman's ... syndrome (mimics ... Hypomagnesemia, Acute ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Acute Spinal Cord ... weakness and #Acute ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #orthopedics #neurology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis Approach (when evaluation should be done): 1. Severe or
hypertension and signs ... heart failure, neurologic ... disorders including hypokalemia ... renal bruit or signs ... Neurologic disorders
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
postchronic hypercapnia (acute ... diuretics after renal tubule ... indicates a renal tubule ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... - ACS, AKI, acute ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... : • Pathophysiology ... hydration - Hyperkalemia
Causes of ST Segment Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Framework STEMI: • Upsloping convex STE: "Pardee's sign" +
STE: "Pardee's sign ... Disorders: • Hyperkalemia ... (Eiffel Tower sign ... weeks following an acute ... Post-cardioversion • Acute
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