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Large atrial septal defect on cardiac POCUS with an oddly satisfying bubble study.

Eric Abrams, MD @eabramsMD

#Bubble
Large atrial septal ... defect on cardiac ... #Study #ASD #Atrial ... Echocardiogram #A4C ... #Large
Cardiac conducting system 
 - Sinoatrial (SA) node normally generates the action potential, i.e. the electrical
Cardiac conducting ... atrium (RA), travels ... to excite left atrium ... - Right bundle ... #Anatomy #Cardiology
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
• Paradoxical: Right ... Venous System/Right ... Fibrillation ... prosthetic valve, PFO, ASD ... , h/o of cardiac
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) Summary

Symptoms:
• Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

Why?
Cardiac:
	• Valvular heart
Atrial Fibrillation ... Cardiac: • Valvular ... and left atria, ... of the right and ... 1.
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
Diagnosis 1. ... Small secundum ASD ... #Diagnosis #cardiology ... echocardiogram #s4c ... #pocus #bubble
Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVC's) - Summary Framework

Why PVCs?  Can be the first manifestation of cardiac
manifestation of cardiac ... Hypokalemia • Bundle ... : • Low: <1 percent ... capture of the atria ... fibrillation
Double Shunt on Echocardiogram
What do you see on this saline contrast study, in a patient with
Early transit of bubbles ... >LAP as atrial septum ... stretched PFO or ASD ... PVeins (extra-cardiac ... clinical #pocus #a4c
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Glomerulonephritis Septic ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD ... ↑ ESR, CRP • EKG ... • Left sided > Right
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD ... tumor embolism Septic ... ↑ ESR, CRP • EKG ... • Left sided > Right