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Classic Digoxin-Associated Arrhythmias
 • Atrial fibrillation with an unusually slow ventricular response
 • Atrial Fibrillation with
Complete Heart Block and ... Accelerated Escape Rhythm ... • Atrial Tachycardia ... with 2:1 AV Block ... #ecg #ekg #electrocardiogram
Anatomical Differential Diagnosis for Arrhythmias
 • SA node: Sinus bradycardia, Sick Sinus Syndrome (SSS)
 • AV
, 3° and Type 1 ... 2°) • His-purkinje ... 2°) • Ventricles ... Fibrillation (V-Fib ... Diagnosis #Causes #cardiology
Approach to ECGs - Tachy/Bradyarrhythmias
Tachyarrhythmias - HR > 100
Wide
  (1) VT - DANGER
  (2)
Approach to ECGs ... abberancy - N B Afib ... (2) Atrial ... arrest - escape rhythms ... 1 , 3:2, 4:3, etc
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) Summary

Symptoms:
• Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

Why?
Cardiac:
	• Valvular heart
Irregular wide-complex tachycardia ... : bundle branch ... thrombus • Digoxin ... Cardioversion 1. ... cardioversion 2.
EKG Interpretation Cheat Sheet
1) Rate 
 - Regular - Count-Off 
 - Irregular - Count number
Cheat Sheet 1) ... interval < 120 ms = AV ... (e.g. ectopic atrial ... Waves/Fibrillary = afib ... Electrocardiogram #cardiology
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
Differential Diagnosis 1. ... Small secundum ASD ... to right shunt 2. ... echocardiogram #s4c ... #pocus #bubble
Double Shunt on Echocardiogram
What do you see on this saline contrast study, in a patient with
1. ... Early transit of bubbles ... >LAP as atrial septum ... stretched PFO or ASD ... clinical #pocus #a4c