171 results
Leg Pain - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Bone/Joint Causes of Leg Pain:
 • Fracture
 • Arthritis
 • Gout/pseudogout
Patellofemoral pain syndrome ... Tarsal tunnel syndrome ... • Compartment syndrome ... lower #extremity #msk ... #physicalexam
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
and Nephrotic Syndromes ... Nephritic syndrome—due ... May be 10 (eg direct ... systemic process leg ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... paralysis) in both legs ... loss of normal leg ... #CaudaEquina #Syndrome ... #MSK #pathophysiology
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Anterior Cord Syndrome ... • Central Cord Syndrome ... saddle anesthesia. leg ... signs #symptoms #msk ... #orthopedics #neurology
Causes of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Insufficient Sleep
 • Poor Sleep Hygiene
 • Insomnia
Apnea • Restless Legs ... Syndrome • Periodic ... Hypoventilation Syndrome ... Parkinson's, MS) ... • Medications (Eg
Hemiplegic Gait 

With a hemiplegic gait there is impaired natural swinging at the hip and knee
and knee with leg ... ambulation, the leg ... Hemiplegic #Gait #Neurology ... #PhysicalExam #
Winged Scapula on Physical Exam

Caused by injury to the long thoracic nerve

#Winged #Scapula #PhysicalExam #clinical #video
Winged #Scapula #PhysicalExam ... clinical #video #neurology ... #msk
Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Reflexes: 
 • Knee - L2, L3, L4
 • Ankle - S1
• Cauda Equina Syndrome ... and bilateral leg ... Myotomes #diagnosis #neurology ... sensory #motor #leg ... #physicalexam
Parkinson's Plus Syndromes - Atypical Parkinsonism
Main motor symptoms:
 • Tremors
 • Limb rigidity
 • Bradykinesia
Other symptoms
Parkinson's Plus Syndromes ... Parkinson's plus syndrome ... system atrophy (MSA ... • Corticobasal syndrome ... Parkinsonism #diagnosis #neurology
Abnormal (Positive) Babinski Sign on Physical Exam

Dorsiflexion of the great toe with or without fanning of
withdrawal of the leg ... Babinski #Sign #PhysicalExam ... reflex #pyramidal #neurology