10 results
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
) • Systemic symptoms ... and signs (e.g. ... infection (e.g., meningitis ... arteritis • Acute ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #neurology
Photophobia and Headache - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Why?
• The coexistence of photophobia and headache suggests the potential
- Autonomic symptoms ... photophobia • Meningitis ... meningeal irritation signs ... : - Acute angle-closure ... ophthalmology #Neurology
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
Coltivirus Symptoms ... influenzae Symptoms ... : • Acute meningeal ... signs (fever, nuchal ... differential #diagnosis #neurology
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Acute Spinal Cord ... Cord Syndrome -> Anterior ... Syndromes #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #orthopedics #neurology
13 Dangerous Causes of Headache:
 - subarachnoid hemorrhage: family history, PCKD, known berry aneurysm, sudden and
Dangerous Causes of Headache ... or at work) - acute ... glaucoma: unilateral anterior ... thrombophilia, neurologic ... signs/symptoms
Acute Closed Angle Glaucoma: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
OPHTHALMIC EMERGENCY: Early detection is essential, but most patients
Acute Closed Angle ... lights are a key symptom ... chambers Anatomic ... damage & blindness Signs ... ClosedAngle #Glaucoma #pathophysiology
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
not always) the anterior ... Signs / Symptoms ... pituitary hormones • Headaches ... Post-nasal drip • Meningitis ... mnemonic #GLFTAP #pathophysiology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
characterized by: • Headache ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... Neurological symptoms ... : Acute onset 2 ... on MRA/CTA • Anterior
Mastoiditis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Acute or Chronic Otitis Media -> 
Stage 1: Hyperemeia of the mastoid
clinical findings Acute ... postauricular crease • Inferior ... cortical bone -> Meningitis ... #Mastoiditis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Mycoses

HISTOPLASMOSIS
• Inhalation of conidia → Yeast → travel to lymph nodes → spread in body
• Bird
presents with acute ... cough, chills, headache ... pulmonary, systemic or meningitic ... Aspergillosis Pathophysiology ... infection (~40%) • Meningitis