15 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Low intake • Metabolic ... Renovascular HTN, Renin ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... Pressure: - Metabolic ... Hippurate - Metabolic ... #differential #potassium ... #nephrology #low
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
patients with hypokalemia ... the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... #hypokalemia ... #urine #potassium ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... renovascular HT, Renin-secreting ... #hypokalemia ... algorithm #causes #nephrology ... #potassium
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... renovascular HT, Renin-secreting ... #Hypokalemia # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Potassium-sparing ... Cation exchange resins ... aniongap #NonGap #Metabolic ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Recent IV potassium ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... infusions) - Metabolic ... diagnosis #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... H+ secretion → Hypokalemia ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Contraction → ↑ Renin ... Pathophysiology #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
hypomagnesemia • Metabolic ... (renal potassium ... Hypochloremic metabolic ... Supplement: • Potassium ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Recent IV potassium ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... infusions) - Metabolic ... diagnosis #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology