12 results
Atrial Fibrillation - Diagnosis, Causes, Presentations
Causes (PIRATES):
 - Pulmonary embolism 
 - Ischemia (cardiac) 
 -
Atrial Fibrillation ... - Diagnosis, Causes ... (PIRATES): - Pulmonary ... - Ischemia (cardiac ... AFib #Diagnosis
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) Summary

Symptoms:
• Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

Why?
Cardiac:
	• Valvular heart
Atrial Fibrillation ... Cardiac: • Valvular ... Noncardiac: • Pulmonary ... Fibrillation - ... AFib #diagnosis
Abnormal Jugular Venous Pressure Waveforms - Differential Diagnosis
 - Absent a wave - Atrial fibrillation, sinus
fibrillation, sinus ... myxoma, pulmonary ... Absent y descent - Cardiac ... Jugular #Waveforms #JVP ... #PhysicalExam #
Right Heart Cath - Normal Cardiac Pressures

Right Atrial Pressure (RAP) or Central Venous Pressure (CVP)
 •
Cath - Normal Cardiac ... Pressures Right Atrial ... Venous Pressure (CVP ... Pressure or Pulmonary ... RHC #cardiology #diagnosis
Right Heart Catheterization Cheat Sheet: Interpretation of Pressures and Waveforms 
Direct measurements
 ● Central venous pressure
venous pressure (CVP ... artery pressure – CVP ... PCWP]/CO) ● Cardiac ... = [mean PAp – CVP ... Interpretation #Diagnosis
Causes of Ischemic Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Thrombosis - Atherosclerosis, Arterial Dissection, Fibromuscular Dysplasia
 - Large
- Differential Diagnosis ... Valvular • Atrial ... fibrillation ... infarction • Pulmonary ... Ischemic #Stroke #CVA
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH) and Pulmonary Thromboendarterectomy
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Definition: mean pulmonary-artery pressure > 25mmHg
heart function (JVD ... regurgitation) Diagnosis ... specific • Chest CTA ... defects • Confirm diagnosis ... Rarely performed Anticoagulation
Palpitations - Differential Diagnosis Framework

What?
• It is an unpleasant awareness or sensation that the heart is
- Differential Diagnosis ... Palpitations Diagnosis ... fibrillation/flutter ... Pheochromocytoma • Pulmonary ... /Afib/WPW) • Loss
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
dental procedure • Cardiac ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... : • New cardiac ... Cerebral > Splenic, pulmonary ... cause + Systemic anticoagulation
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
murmur 3/6) - Pulmonary ... exam Determine Cardiac ... Anticoagulation ... postoperative cardiac ... stratification #diagnosis