2 results
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
: weight gain, lung ... lack lung rales ... Chest x-ray: signs ... of CXR congestion ... heartfailure #diagnosis #management
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
make an informed decision ... X-ray: • Not ... unless prior heart/lung ... undergoing AAA or upper abdominal ... surgical management