15 results
Tetralogy of Fallot 

1. Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction 

2. Right ventricular hypertrophy 

3. Ventricular septal
Overriding aorta ... Peds #Pediatrics #Cardiology ... #Signs #Symptoms
Aortic Stenosis - Diagnosis and Stages

Clinical Presentation
- Exertional dyspnea
- Chest pain
- Palpitations
- HF Symptoms (orthopnea, PND,
Aortic Stenosis ... Palpitations - HF Symptoms ... Diagnosis #Stages #Management ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Cardiology
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
< 30 years - Aorta ... branches • GCA: - Aorta ... Presentation - Systemic Symptoms ... purpura: strong sign ... diminished, or tender pulses
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Examination: • UMN signs ... Clonus, Babinski’s sign ... • Lhermitte’s sign ... pupillary defect SIGNS ... Signs and symptoms
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
More Specific Signs ... Less Specific Signs ... Chest x-ray: signs ... acute HF → no signs ... heartfailure #diagnosis #management
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
purpura: Strong sign ... diminished, or tender pulses ... < 30 years • Aorta ... claudication, pulse ... Arteritis): • Aorta
Aortoenteric Fistula - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
• Uncommon but life-threatening
• Most common site of bowel connection
Diagnosis and Management ... duodenum Clinical Signs ... /Symptoms: • Classic ... de novo between aorta ... or within the aorta
What is a Boxer’s fracture?? Fracture of the 4th or 5th metacarpal neck
 - Common in
onto the hand Symptoms ... sensation, and pulses ... Management: - ... compromise - Certain radiologic ... Overlying wounds or signs
Giant cell arteritis (GCA)

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) definition: Most common systemic inflammatory vasculitis in older adults
systemic inflammatory vasculitis ... those coming off aorta ... systemic sx + signs ... GCA #Temporal #Signs ... #Management
Optic Neuritis - Diagnosis and Management
 • Epidemiology: Female (75%), 18-50 years,
caucasian
 • Symptoms: Moderate visual
Diagnosis and Management ... caucasian • Symptoms ... Unilateral • Signs ... - Typical MS-like ... Neuritis #Diagnosis #Management