2 results
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
) Clinical Presentation ... : weight gain, lung ... lack lung rales ... → no signs of CXR ... heartfailure #diagnosis #management
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
murmur 3/6) - Pulmonary ... Change in clinical ... ACEi/ARBs - Hold ... unless prior heart/lung ... medical and surgical management