2 results
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
Fraction (HFrEF) Clinical ... : weight gain, lung ... → no signs of CXR ... heartfailure #diagnosis #management ... #sCHF
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
disease b) CHF ... Change in clinical ... ACEi/ARBs - Hold ... unless prior heart/lung ... medical and surgical management