26 results
Causes of Dizziness - Vertigo - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
True Vertigo - Illusion of Rotary Movement
Peripheral Vestibular
- Differential Diagnosis ... nystagmus • Benign ... Paroxysmal Positional ... • Meniere's Disease ... symptoms/signs,
Differentiating Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) From Vestibular Neuritis-Labyrinthitis
BENIGN PAROXYSMAL POSITIONAL VERTIGO
 • Age: More common
Differentiating Benign ... Paroxysmal Positional ... PAROXYSMAL POSITIONAL ... Labyrinthitis #diagnosis ... #neurology #comparison
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
Benign paroxysmal ... Méniére's disease ... signs or symptoms ... #differential #diagnosis ... #neurology
Labyrinthitis 
Vestibular neuritis + unilateral hearing loss = Labyrinthitis 
1) Vertigo (severe) 
2) Gait instability 
3)
Labyrinthitis 1) Vertigo ... hearing loss Clinical ... • Benign, self-limited ... Labyrinthitis #Diagnosis ... #Symptoms #Signs
Characteristics of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
 • Onset: Sudden
 • Intensity: Severe initially, often decreasing
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO ... tinnitus (Méniére's disease ... #diagnosis #findings ... #signs #symptoms ... #comparison #neurology
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
Alzheimer’s Disease ... Pathogenesis and Clinical ... chromosome 21) Signs ... seizure, primitive reflexes ... #signs #symptoms
Sarcoidosis 
Non-caseating granulomas (Composed of T-helper & inflammatory cells) 
Clinical:
 • Disease fatal in 10% of
inflammatory cells) Clinical ... : • Disease fatal ... exertion • Neurologic ... #Sarcoidosis #Diagnosis ... #Symptoms #Signs
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
Fraction (HFrEF) Clinical ... More Specific Signs ... Less Specific Signs ... Chest x-ray: signs ... acute HF → no signs
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Examination: • UMN signs ... Clonus, Babinski’s sign ... • Lhermitte’s sign ... pupillary defect SIGNS ... Signs and symptoms
Meralgia paresthetica: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Compression/injury of Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (LFCN) -> Meralgia paresthetica
 •
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... sensory • Before diagnosis ... intervertebral disc disease ... gait, strength, reflexes ... #signs #symptoms