11 results
Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Pars interarticularis stress fracture (spondylolysis) - most frequently in the
interarticularis stress ... S1 => Weakened stability ... (Stork test) ... Spondylolisthesis #MSK #diagnosis ... #pathophysiology
Tetralogy of Fallot Summary
 • Anatomy
 • Incidence
 • Pathophysiology
 • Presentation
 • Common Variants
 •
• Incidence • Pathophysiology ... • “Blue” Tet Options ... palliation • Post-Op Management ... Tetralogy #Fallot #diagnosis ... #management #cardiology
Tuberculosis Overview

10 million new M. tuberculosis infections/year
Facultative intracellular rod-shaped bacteria
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) accounts for 4.6% of
tuberculosis (LTBI) Pathophysiology ... Tuberculosis Diagnosis ... Tuberculin skin test ... Tuberculosis #TB #Diagnosis ... #Management #Treatment
Tuberculosis Overview

10 million new M. tuberculosis infections/year
Facultative intracellular rod-shaped bacteria
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) accounts for 4.6% of
tuberculosis (LTBI) Pathophysiology ... Tuberculosis Diagnosis ... Tuberculin skin test ... Tuberculosis #TB #Diagnosis ... #Management #Treatment
ISCHEMIA Trial - Management Algorithm for patients with Stable Angina

Stress Test -> ? +moderate or severe
ISCHEMIA Trial - Management ... Stable Angina Stress ... Test -> ? ... Angina #ChestPain #Diagnosis ... #Cardiology #EBM
Metformin Associated Lactic Acidosis (MALA) 

Pathophysiology of MALA
 - Metformin interferes with the activity of the
Acidosis (MALA) Pathophysiology ... anaerobic metabolism Diagnosis ... gastrointestinal distress ... - hemodynamic instability ... #Management
Vasospastic (Prinzmetal) Angina
Definition / Epidemiology:
 • Rest angina attributed to coronary artery vasospasm.
 • Patients often
Pathophysiology: ... troponin elevation Diagnosis ... perform provocative tests ... Prinzmetal #Angina #cardiology ... #diagnosis #management
In ARDS, we know that the lungs are so diffusely injured that the remaining total area
Likewise, stress ... is likely the best ... and promote Lung rest ... #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #management
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
to determine if stress ... test is indicated ... one post op Cardiology ... medical and surgical management ... stratification #diagnosis
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) Summary

Symptoms:
• Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

Why?
Cardiac:
	• Valvular heart
serum creatinine, test ... Hemodynamic instability ... Fibrillation #AFib #diagnosis ... #management #cardiology