23 results
Generalized Seizures and Pseudoseizures
Generalized seizures "are conceptualized as originating as some point within, and rapidly engaging,
Generalized Seizures ... caused by a toxic ... and metabolic causes ... withdrawal from alcohol ... #Signs #Symptoms
The rationale for aggressive treatment of generalized status epilepticus was described previously here.  In short,
rely upon rapid seizure ... The longer the seizure ... epilepticus may cause ... Epilepticus #Refractory #Seizures ... #Algorithm #PulmCrit
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Moyamoya • Toxic: Alcohol ... Eclampsia, Prophyria #Seizures ... #Causes #neurology
Differential Diagnosis of Syncope
First, is it syncope? History is very important for distinguishing syncope from other
(seizure, dizziness ... events, prodromal symptoms ... their associated symptoms ... Diagnosis #EM #Neuro #IM ... #Differential #Algorithm
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
2) Presence of symptoms ... (HA, nausea, confusion ... , seizures) 3) Assessment ... of volume status ... Diagnosis #EM #IM
Causes of Secondary / Provoked Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Febrile
Infection
 • Sepsis
 • Encephalitis
 • Meningitis
Metabolic
Causes of Secondary ... / Provoked Seizures ... • Uremia • Alcohol ... Secondary #Provoked #Seizures ... #Causes
Pathyophysiology - hyperglycemic crises in patients with diabetes 
Key signs/symptoms of HHS/DKA:
Both: Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss,
hyperglycemic crises ... diabetes Key signs/symptoms ... altered mental status ... lethargy, coma, seizure ... Pathophys #EM #IM
Emergency Treatment Algorithm for Convulsive Status Epilepticus 
 1. ABCDEFG (ABC's and Don't Ever Forget the
Emergency Treatment Algorithm ... for reversible cause ... Midazolam 10 mg IM ... is available or seizure ... #seizures #ACEP
Phenobarbital monotherapy algorithm for alcohol withdrawal

** EDIT - SEE UPDATED ALGORITHM HERE:
https://www.grepmed.com/images/4060/phenobarbital-monotherapy-withdrawal-management-algorithm-protocol-pulmcrit

-Phenobarbital monotherapy has numerous advantages
for alcohol withdrawal ... - SEE UPDATED ALGORITHM ... Alternative causes ... disorder and avoid seizure ... -An updated approach
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Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
Approach to Headaches ... Altered mental status ... ) • Systemic symptoms ... fever, myalgia), seizures ... #neurology #PHANTOMS