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Wernicke's Encephalopathy vs Korsakoff Syndrome - Thiamine Deficiency

Wernicke's encephalopathy is a neurological condition due to longstanding
Wernicke's Encephalopathy ... Wernicke's encephalopathy ... of confusion, ataxia ... (broad-based gait ... #Wernickes #Encephalopathy
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute Thiamine (B1) Deficiency 
Clinical Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 out of 4):
Wernicke Encephalopathy ... Acute Thiamine (B1 ... ) Deficiency Clinical ... dysfunction and gait ... ataxia is only
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency - Diagnosis and Management
Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 of
Wernicke Encephalopathy ... dysfunction (e.g. gait ... ataxia - usually ... development of Korsakoff syndrome ... (chronic B1 deficiency
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Triad

Encephalopathy 
 • Disorientation 
 • Indifference 
 • Inattentiveness 
Ocular motor dysfunction
Wernicke Encephalopathy ... gaze palsies Ataxia ... • Gait • ... #Syndrome #Triad ... Neurology #Thiamine #Deficiency
Korsakoff Syndrome
Clinical Findings:
 • Confabulation: Usually initial phase of the disease
 • Anterograde amnesia: Memory impairment
Clinical Findings ... presentation of Thiamine deficiency ... Encephalopathy ... risk factors of Wernicke ... Encephalopathy
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Clinically Important ... Haemolytic anaemia, ataxia ... • Thiamine B1 ... - Beri-beri, Wernicke-Korsakoff ... syndrome • Riboflavin
Wernicke's Encephalopathy 
CLINICAL TRIAD: only seen in 1/4 pts 
W.E. is often under diagnosed 
1. ENCEPHALOPATHY
Wernicke's Encephalopathy ... CLINICAL TRIAD ... GAIT ATAXIA (23% ... Primarily: Stance & gait ... no upper limb ataxia
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Clinical Manifestations

Causes of Thiamine Deficiency:
 • Poor intake:
	- Diets
Framework and Clinical ... Syndrome: • Wernicke's ... Encephalopathy ... Ophthalmoplegia - Ataxia ... beriberi #nutrition #pathophysiology
Micronutrient Deficiencies After Gastric Bypass
Fat-Soluble Vitamins:
 • Vitamin A - Night/complete blindness, xeropthalmia (pathologic dryness of
and vomiting, Wernicke's ... encephalopathy ... (encephalopathy, ... oculomotor dysfunction, gait ... syndrome (amnesia
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
may cause severe clinical ... Hypo-Mg2+ • Vitamin deficiency ... • Wernicke encephalopathy ... • Vitamin D deficiency ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology