15 results
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
Association, which is classes ... sometimes advanced treatment ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... Classification #Stages #Classes ... #NYHA #ACCAHA
Hypotension - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

Hypotension is commonly due to unnecessarily deep anaesthesia, the autonomic
effects of neuraxial block ... hypovolaemia or combined causes ... potential surgical causes ... team. ❼ Consider causes ... #Management #Workup
High Central Neuraxial Block - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
• Can occur with deliberate or accidental
Central Neuraxial Block ... • CPR may be ... Consider other causes ... Intraoperative #Checklist #Diagnosis ... #Management #Workup
Intraoperative Anaphylaxis - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
• Unexplained hypotension
• Unexplained bronchospasm (wheeze may be absent
absent in severe cases ... arrest where other causes ... absent in severe cases ... Intraoperative #Checklist #Diagnosis ... #Management #Workup
Peri-operative Hyperthermia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
If prolonged or ≥ 39 C this is a
Treatment depends ... maintained fever CAUSES ... #Differential #Causes ... #Checklist #Diagnosis ... #Management #Workup
Cardiac Tamponade - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Caused by an accumulation of blood, pus, effusion fluid
or iatrogenic causes ... indicated, start CPR ... • Diagnostic ... thoracotomy is a better treatment ... #Management #Workup
Local Anaesthetic Toxicity - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Signs of severe toxicity:
 • Sudden alteration in
bradycardia, conduction blocks ... Start continuous CPR ... Anesthesiology #Anesthesia ... Intraoperative #Checklist #Diagnosis ... #Management #Workup
Intraoperative  Bradycardia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Bradycardia in theatre should not be treated as
remember to tailor treatment ... Consider known drug causes ... Anesthesiology #Anesthesia ... Intraoperative #Checklist #Diagnosis ... #Management #Workup
Malignant Hyperthermia Crisis - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Unexplained increase in ETCO2 AND tachycardia AND increased
other, more common causes ... ❹ Call for MH treatment ... COMPLICATIONS AND OUTLINE TREATMENTS ... Intraoperative #Checklist #Diagnosis ... #Management #Workup
In order to better classify heart failure, the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American
With treatment, ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... #CHF #Congestive ... Classification #Stages #Classes ... #NYHA #ACCAHA