6 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
NG drainage - Diarrhea ... - Polyuria - Hypomagnesemia ... Catecholamines - Alkalosis ... Low #Potassium #Table ... #Classification
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Hypomagnesemia - ... losses - Chronic diarrhea ... - Hungry bones syndrome ... Low #Magnesium #Table ... #Classification
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Congenital chloride diarrhea ... diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... , Hypomagnesemia ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Hypernatremia Classification ... hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome ... hypernatremia - Vomiting, Diarrhea ... Features #Diagnosis #Comparison ... #Table #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis ... Alcoholism (worsened by hypomagnesemia ... nasogastric suction, Diarrhea ... Fever Other: - Hypomagnesemia ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
hypokalemia, mild hypomagnesemia ... • Metabolic alkalosis ... Hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis ... Congenital chloride diarrhea ... #diagnosis #nephrology