13 results
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - ... Hyperreflexia #Testing ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #table ... #neurology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Diagnosis Poor ... NG drainage - Diarrhea ... - Polyuria - Hypomagnesemia ... #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Table
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
losses - Chronic diarrhea ... Familial renal Mg wasting ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Low # ... Magnesium #Table
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... biliary fistula, Diarrhea ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Laxative use • Diarrhea ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... Gitelman syndrome, Hypomagnesemia ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential # ... diagnosis
Shock Overview
A state of tissue hypoxia due to decreased or dysregulated oxygen delivery or extraction, resulting
AI, thyroid dz liver ... Hypovolemic Shock - Low ... : GI (vomiting/diarrhea ... Classification #diagnosis ... #criticalcare #differential
Shock Overview
A state of tissue hypoxia due to decreased or dysregulated oxygen delivery or extraction, resulting
AI, thyroid dz liver ... Hypovolemic Shock - Low ... : GI (vomiting/diarrhea ... Classification #diagnosis ... #criticalcare #differential
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Alcoholism (worsened by hypomagnesemia ... nasogastric suction, Diarrhea ... Fever Other: - Hypomagnesemia ... Hypokalemia #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
can be high or low ... Cerebral Salt Wasting ... #Hyponatremia #differential ... #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology