10 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
diarrhea ... • Normal/low blood ... acidosis due to diarrhea ... the indicated causes ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Algorithm - Urinary Chloride ... diarrhea), Sweat ... - Normal/low blood ... acidosis: Chronic diarrhea ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
NGT suction - Diarrhea ... • Fatigue Chloride ... essential for blood ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology ... #Chloride
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... diarrhea (congenital ... after fasting #Metabolic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
wasting from other causes ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... losses: • High Blood ... • Low/Normal Blood ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Base Disorders - Blood ... Interpretation Steps for Blood ... acidosis: - Diarrhea ... Acetazolamide Causes ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Diarrhea B. ... loads (ammonium chloride ... aniongap #NonGap #Metabolic ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
hypomagnesemia • Metabolic ... Normal or low blood ... Hypochloremic metabolic ... diarrhea Potential ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
I. Decreased intake
   A. Starvation
   B. Clay ingestion
II. Redistribution into
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Gastrointestinal loss (diarrhea ... Low #Potassium #Classification ... #Causes
Bulimia Nervosa: Complications
GASTROINTESTINAL
 • Dehydration & inability to digest food -> Constipation
 • Recurrent vomiting exposes
acids elevated blood ... imbalances (low FSH and LH ... hormone levels cause ... abuse may lead to metabolic ... loss of HCO3- in diarrhea