8 results
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
life threatening complications ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... losses: • High Blood ... • Low/Normal Blood ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Congenital chloride diarrhea ... • Normal/low blood ... acidosis due to diarrhea ... the indicated causes ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
NGT suction - Diarrhea ... essential for blood ... • Blood pressure ... Cl⁻ increases blood ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Base Disorders - Blood ... Interpretation Steps for Blood ... acidosis: - Diarrhea ... Acetazolamide Causes ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Bulimia Nervosa: Complications
GASTROINTESTINAL
 • Dehydration & inability to digest food -> Constipation
 • Recurrent vomiting exposes
Bulimia Nervosa: Complications ... acids elevated blood ... imbalances (low FSH and LH ... hormone levels cause ... loss of HCO3- in diarrhea
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Normal or low blood ... Hypochloremic metabolic ... Congenital chloride diarrhea ... Potential Complications ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology
Peritoneal Dialysis Complications
Peritonitis:
 • Can't miss! 6% of cases result in death
 • Diagnostics:
Peritoneal Dialysis Complications ... 6% of cases result ... Perforation: Feculent/bloody ... dialysate retention, diarrhea ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Causes of Hypokalemia
I. Decreased intake
   A. Starvation
   B. Clay ingestion
II. Redistribution into
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Gastrointestinal loss (diarrhea ... Low #Potassium #Classification ... #Causes