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diagnosis causes nephrology hypokalemia algorithm low metabolic chloride potassium table hypomg magnesium management pathophysiology syndrome urine workup
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... syndrome, Hypomagnesemia ... #Differential #
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Poor Intake - Starvation - Anorexia GI Losses - Vomiting / NG
NG drainage - Diarrhea ... Ureterosigmoidostomy Urinary ... - Polyuria - Hypomagnesemia ... Catecholamines - Alkalosis ... Potassium #Table #Classification
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism Decreased GI Uptake - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
inhibitors - Primary ... losses - Chronic diarrhea ... syndromes - Gitelman ... #Differential # ... Magnesium #Table #Classification
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
- Urinary Chloride ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... syndrome, Hypomagnesemia ... #Urinary #Chloride ... Algorithm #nephrology #differential
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
hypokalemia, mild hypomagnesemia ... • Metabolic alkalosis ... Hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Congenital chloride diarrhea
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Laxative use • Diarrhea ... mEq/g suggests urinary ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
: Differential Diagnosis ... Chloride-rich diarrhea ... > 20 meq/L • Primary ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... #Differential #
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis ... Alcoholism (worsened by hypomagnesemia ... nasogastric suction, Diarrhea ... diuretic use), Gitelman's ... Hypokalemia #Causes #differential
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