9 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
NG drainage - Diarrhea ... - Polyuria - Hypomagnesemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Table ... #Classification
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
, mild hypomagnesemia ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... blood pressure ... (renal potassium ... Congenital chloride diarrhea
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
losses - Chronic diarrhea ... Hypercalcemia - Hypokalemia ... syndromes - Gitelman ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... Magnesium #Table #Classification
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... Gastrointestinal loss: Diarrhea ... effective arterial blood ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #urine #potassium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... consumption • Low ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #nephrology #low
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... blood pressure: ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... syndrome, Hypomagnesemia ... of sodium and potassium
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary
Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
Blood Product Transfusions ... cutaneous eruptions, diarrhea ... Blood products contain ... potassium from ... Hypothermia: Due to low
Causes of Hypokalemia
I. Decreased intake
   A. Starvation
   B. Clay ingestion
II. Redistribution into
administration (red blood ... factor (white blood ... Gastrointestinal loss (diarrhea ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Classification
Blood Transfusion Reactions

Immune Mediated:
 • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
cutaneous eruptions, diarrhea ... , Hyperkalemia: ... Blood products contain ... potassium from ... Hypothermia: Due to low