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diagnosis differential nephrology algorithm hypokalemia causes chloride low management metabolic pathophysiology hematology product reactions urinary urine alkaliintake barttersyndrome bloodgasanalysis bulimianervosa
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis ... Congenital chloride diarrhea ... - Normal/low blood ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... acidosis: Chronic diarrhea
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... losses: • High Blood ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Congenital chloride diarrhea ... • Normal/low blood ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... acidosis due to diarrhea ... of sodium and potassium
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Normal or low blood ... Hypokalemia (renal potassium ... Hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis ... Congenital chloride diarrhea ... Supplement: • Potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Poor Intake - Starvation - Anorexia GI Losses - Vomiting / NG
NG drainage - Diarrhea ... Catecholamines - Alkalosis ... Diagnosis #Low #Potassium ... #Table #Classification
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Cause - Decreased Intake: • Low salt in diet • Exclusive D5W
- Metabolic alkalosis ... NGT suction - Diarrhea ... - Bartter - Gitelman ... essential for blood ... cause metabolic alkalosis
Blood gas analysis Metabolic alkalosis Measured urine CI < 10 mEq/L Saline responsive > 10 mEg/L Not saline responsive - Vomiting or NG
Blood gas analysis ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Bartter syndrome - Gitelman ... syndrome - Potassium
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis ... /L • Gastric alkalosis ... Chloride-rich diarrhea ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... other • Severe potassium
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... Gastrointestinal loss: Diarrhea ... effective arterial blood ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... hypokalemia #urine #potassium
Causes of Hypokalemia I. Decreased intake A. Starvation B. Clay ingestion II. Redistribution into
Metabolic alkalosis ... administration (red blood ... factor (white blood ... Gastrointestinal loss (diarrhea ... #Classification
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